\begin{table}[t!]
\begin{center}
\begin{threeparttable}
\begin{scriptsize}
\caption{Compositional effects: Effects on population and age\label{EEREV-D-21-00004_TableC9}}
\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\stretch{1}}}l*{8}{c}@{}}
\hline
\hline
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(6)}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(7)} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(8)}\\
       &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Earlier elections} &\multicolumn{5}{c}{Later elections}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-4} \cmidrule(lr){5-9}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{\textit{Election year}}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{1965} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{1969} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{1974} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{1995}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{2002} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{2007} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{2012} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{2017}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
&\multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel A: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Log population}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&     --0.038** &     --0.041** &     --0.040** &     --0.046** &     --0.044** &     --0.048** &     --0.031   &     --0.033*  \\
                    &     (0.016)   &     (0.018)   &     (0.020)   &     (0.019)   &     (0.020)   &     (0.018)   &     (0.019)   &     (0.019)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &        6.13   &        6.13   &        6.13   &        6.18   &        6.21   &        6.24   &        6.26   &        6.26   \\
\\
%\hline
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
& \multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel B: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Log male population}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&     --0.041*  &     --0.040*  &     --0.025   &     --0.062** &     --0.061** &     --0.057** &     --0.035   &     --0.033   \\
                    &     (0.022)   &     (0.021)   &     (0.022)   &     (0.024)   &     (0.024)   &     (0.023)   &     (0.022)   &     (0.022)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &        5.40   &        5.41   &        5.41   &        5.48   &        5.52   &        5.55   &        5.56   &        5.56   \\
\\
%\hline
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
& \multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel C: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Male (\%)}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&     --0.263   &     --0.213   &     --0.305   &     --0.821** &     --0.766** &     --0.458   &     --0.031   &       0.145   \\
                    &     (0.430)   &     (0.384)   &     (0.338)   &     (0.323)   &     (0.286)   &     (0.270)   &     (0.240)   &     (0.247)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &       49.37   &       49.45   &       49.72   &       50.03   &       50.14   &       49.96   &       49.90   &       49.90   \\
\\
%\hline
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
& \multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel D: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Average age}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&       0.417   &       0.415   &       0.259   &       0.436** &       0.540** &       0.602** &       0.412   &       0.291   \\
                    &     (0.258)   &     (0.250)   &     (0.301)   &     (0.204)   &     (0.226)   &     (0.255)   &     (0.244)   &     (0.291)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &       34.51   &       34.56   &       35.29   &       37.59   &       38.99   &       40.07   &       41.31   &       41.85   \\
\\
%\hline
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
& \multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel E: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Male average age}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&       0.680** &       0.629** &       0.287   &       0.574** &       0.688***&       0.698** &       0.276   &     --0.024   \\
                    &     (0.286)   &     (0.273)   &     (0.314)   &     (0.237)   &     (0.243)   &     (0.274)   &     (0.240)   &     (0.306)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &       33.36   &       33.32   &       33.80   &       36.10   &       37.72   &       38.97   &       40.25   &       40.83   \\
\\
%\hline
\cmidrule(lr){2-9}
& \multicolumn{8}{c}{Panel F: 2SLS Estimates. Dep. Variable: Female average age}\\
\hline
\\ Conscription proxy (\%)&       0.125   &       0.164   &       0.172   &       0.212   &       0.303   &       0.453*  &       0.517*  &       0.537   \\
                    &     (0.335)   &     (0.317)   &     (0.376)   &     (0.223)   &     (0.248)   &     (0.259)   &     (0.275)   &     (0.364)   \\

Mean dep. variable  &       35.77   &       35.87   &       36.87   &       39.12   &       40.35   &       41.25   &       42.44   &       43.03   \\

\\ Lat-lon polynomial & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd & 2nd \\ 

Border segment FE   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   \\
Historical dialect FE &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   \\
Full set of controls &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   &         Yes   \\
\hline
First-stage $ F $-statistic&       21.75   &       22.81   &       19.87   &       25.55   &       28.46   &       30.89   &       26.75   &       25.34   \\
Observations        &         462   &         462   &         462   &         462   &         462   &         462   &         462   &         462   \\
Clusters            &          32   &          32   &          32   &          32   &          32   &          32   &          32   &          32   \\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular*}
\end{scriptsize}
\begin{tablenotes}[normal,flushleft]
\begin{scriptsize}
\item \emph{Notes}:
2SLS estimates of the effect of conscription into the Wehrmacht on population, age, education, and employment outcomes. 
The unit of observation is a municipality. 
Standard errors clustered at the canton level in parentheses. 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for log population; 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for log male population; 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for fraction of males; 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for average age; 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for average male age; 
Panel A: 2SLS estimates for average female age. 
Each column presents the estimation for a different election. 
The contemporary controls vector does not include any demographic characteristics. 
All specifications include a quadratic polynomial in latitude and longitude ($ x+y+x^2+y^2+xy $). 
First-stage F-statistic is the Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F-statistic of the first-stage estimation. 
* significant at 10\%; ** at 5\%; *** at 1\%. 
\end{scriptsize}
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{center}
\end{table}
